https:\/\/www.dhm.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/weimarer-republik\/wissenschaft\/deutsche-atlantische-expedition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nEnglish:
The aim of our expedition with the METEOR III is to gain a better understanding of freshwater flux processes over the ocean and thus contribute to a better understanding of the global water cycle. Interestingly, there are some parallels with the German Atlantic expedition, which happened on the Meteor I, even though the objectives of the two expeditions differ. The METEOR I set sail from Wilhelmshaven on April 16, 1925, and returned there on June 2, 1927. Not only do both ships have the same name, but the two expeditions are also exactly 100 years apart. In addition, some of our expedition participants work at the ICBM in Wilhelmshaven. However, the most significant parallel lies in the measurements: During our expedition, the focus is on measuring the temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Ocean to draw conclusions about evaporation processes. One hundred years ago, scientists also took measurements of temperature and salinity to understand the circulation of the Atlantic (Figure 1). In particular, the question of whether there was water exchange between the South Atlantic and the North Atlantic across the equator preoccupied the scientists on board the Meteor I. Meteorological data was also collected for this purpose \u2013 as it is on our expedition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The goals and significance of the two expeditions were different: The expedition from 1925 to 1927 is considered a milestone in oceanography and the birth of physical oceanography. Since then, it has accompanied theoretical oceanography. A lot has changed in 100 years (perhaps too much?), including in oceanography. Today, we have highly accurate sensors for measuring temperature and salinity, which allow us to take continuous measurements at depths of up to several thousand meters. Depending on the depth, these depth profiles usually take two to three hours to complete. While the METEOR III is underway, water is also continuously pumped through a so-called thermosalinograph to record data near the surface. A hundred years ago, temperature and salinity at different depths were measured in a completely different way to create maps of their distribution (Figure 2). For this, a tipping thermometer was attached to a wire, along with a water sampler, and lowered to a specific depth. Then, a drop weight was sent down the wire to trigger the mechanism for closing the water sampler and tilting the thermometer at that depth. The tilting separated a certain amount of mercury in a capillary, and this amount was used to determine the temperature on board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The salinity was determined from the sample taken by the water sampler. For this purpose, a certain amount of the sample was titrated with silver ions to determine the total concentration of chloride (Cl\u207b), bromide (Br\u207b), and iodide (I\u207b) ions. Since the percentage composition of salt ions in seawater is constant, it was possible to calculate the total concentration of all salt ions. This was expressed as salinity in grams per kilogram of seawater or per mille. However, this method was very time-consuming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Although the measurement methods and objectives of the expeditions differ, some parallels cannot be denied. It took two years to create the maps showing the distribution of temperature and salinity throughout the Atlantic. However, without this data, the circulation of the Atlantic would have remained unknown, as would its role in the climate system. The M211 expedition is underway to contribute to this as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Text: Oliver Wurl, Photos: Leonie Jaeger, Pia G\u00f6cke Das Ziel unserer Expedition mit der METEOR III ist es, Verdunstungsprozesse \u00fcber den Ozeanen besser zu verstehen und somit zu einem besseren…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[263,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fs-meteor","category-home","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["de","en"],"languages":{"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3367"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3533,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3367\/revisions\/3533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icbm-auf-see.uni-oldenburg.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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